The Cittadella, the Fortress of Turin

In the heart of the Piedmontese capital stands this stronghold that brought fame—amid tragedy—to Pietro Micca. The Cittadella of Turin , pride and honor of the Duchy of Savoy, was a formidable pentagonal fortress with powerful bastions at each vertex. It was located along the city walls, specifically on the southwestern side of the historic center. It was commissioned by Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy and built by the architect Francesco Paciotto between 1564 and 1577, under the supervision of General Nicolis di Robilant. With this ambitious project, the Duke aimed to modernize the city’s defenses after transferring the capital of the Duchy from Chambéry to Turin. The original design was begun by the military engineer Francesco Horologi, but it was later revised and completed by architect and engineer Francesco Paciotto. The foundation stone was laid in 1564, and the work—carried out by approximately two thousand men—was completed in 1570. The fortress was surrounded by a large dr...